Self Assessment guide

Self Assessment for First-Time Filers: A Beginner’s Guide

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Quick answer

If you are filing Self Assessment for the first time, register with HMRC by 5 October after the tax year ends, wait for your UTR, collect your income and expense records, and file online by 31 January. Your first bill may include a payment on account.

Updated October 2026 · Figures based on 2025/26 rates

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Step 1: register

Tell HMRC you need to file as soon as your income starts, for example when you start trading or receive rental income. You will receive a UTR by post.

Step 2: keep records

Record income and costs from day one. Even a simple spreadsheet with receipts is enough to begin with.

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Step 3: file and pay

Complete the return online, check the calculation and pay by 31 January. Set aside part of each payment you receive, around 20% to 30% of profit is a common starting point.

First-year surprises

Your first bill can include the previous year’s balance plus the first payment on account, which feels like paying twice. It is a timing effect rather than extra tax.

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Frequently asked questions

Can an accountant do my first return?

Yes. A fixed-fee service means you know the cost before you start.

What if I started in the middle of the year?

You file for the tax year in which you started and report income from the start date.

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